MENTAL HEALTH STATUS OF GURUKULA TEACHERS IN TELANGANA STATE

An attempt was made in the present investigation is Aim: Mental health status of Gurukula teachers in Telangana state. Objective:To assess the impact of gender and designation on mental health status of Gurukula teachers. Sample: Sample for the present study consists of 120 teachers working in Gurukula schools of Warangal district of Telangana state. This study was using purposive random sampling method. Conclusions: Male teachers are better mental health status than female teachers and Post graduate teachers are better mental health status than trained graduate teachers.

Seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted infections in voluntary and replacement blood donors in a tertiary care hospital blood bank of Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India: 5 years retrospective study

Background: Critical part of transfusion is effective screening of TTI, to reduce the risk of transmission is as safe as possible. The present study has undertaken to focus on seroprevalence of TTIs among both voluntary and replacement donors and also to project epidemiological data of TTIs in this community.Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted from January 2014 to December 2018. All blood samples collected from donors were screened for HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis and malaria according to blood bank policy. Before drawing blood, donors were asked to fill pre structured Blood bank questionnaire and consent form.Results: In this present 5-year study, total number of blood donor population was 54937, among them voluntary donors were 33891 and replacement donors were 21046. Out of 33891 voluntary donors, 33486(98.8%) were males and remaining 405(1.19%) were females. All replacement donors (21046) were males. The seroprevalence of HBV was highest, 1.82% (1003/54937) followed by HCV 0.31% (175/54937) in all the donors. The seropositivity for HIV is 0.23% (129/54937), for syphilis 0.04% (24/54937) and for malaria 0.01% (6/54937).Conclusions: National blood transfusion policy should be strengthening the standards and quality of screening across the country. For blood screening, resources and appropriate screening assays must be available at all health centres.

A Prospective Study of Cutaneous Calcifications and Clinicopathologic Correlations.

Background: Cutaneous calcifications or calcinosis cutis is an interesting lesion, wherein the skin, soft tissues and in the walls of small/medium sized veins, arteries. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the calcinosis cutis or cutaneous calcification prevalence and also its correlation with age, sex, site of the lesion, clinical features and histopathological findings. Methods: A 5 years prospective study was on 40 patients suspected to have calcinosis cutis. Surgical excision of skin lesions was also performed to do the histopathological study. Results: Women presented with lesions around the waist commonly. Males presented with lesions at different sites like over dorsum of legs and fore arm most commonly. Out of 40 cutaneous calcifications, 14 (35%) were Asymptomatic, 12 (30%) were painless papules/nodules, 8 (20%) were ulceration with or without discharge, 6 (15%) were painful papules/nodules. Conclusion: As the Cutaneous calcifications were mostly asymptomatic or painless, need to evaluate the carefully and treat if there is any underlying pathologies. Calcinosis cutis individuals should be educate and counsel regarding underlying pathologies and treatment.

Panorama of neoplasms of upper GI tract: a 5 year research study.

Background: The diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are the most common and leading cause of morbidity and mortality than the disorders of any other systems of the body. Gastrointestinal (GI) tract tumors are one of the most common cancers accounting for 11% of all cancers. Among these tumors, upper gastrointestinal tract malignancies are quite aggressive with a dismal prognosis. Malignant tumors are most common than benign. The most common carcinoma of the esophagus is Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Incidence of SCC is less than 5 per 100,000 populations in males and 1 per 100,000 populations in females. Gastric cancer was the second most common cancer in the World and 60% of them occurred in developing countries. The most common carcinoma of the Stomach is Adenocarcinoma. Aim & Objectives: To study the spectrum of neoplastic lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract by the examination of endoscopic biopsies and surgically resected specimens. To determine the degree of severity of the malignancies by assessing the depth of invasion, Lymph nodal & Omental spread. Methods: The present study is both retrospective & prospective study for a period of 5 years from January 2007 to December 2011. The sample size includes all the endoscopic biopsies & surgically resected specimens of gastrointestinal tract received at Department of Pathology, S.V. Medical College, Tirupati. The study also obtained clearance from the ethical committee of the institution. The biopsy specimens thus obtained were fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin. The sections were stained routinely with H & E. Special stains and IHC done wherever necessary. Results: we have received 120 specimens regarding the upper gastrointestinal system. Among these 120 specimens, 71 specimens were endoscopic biopsies & 49 specimens were surgically resected specimens. Out of 71 Endoscopic biopsies 28 biopsies were malignant among which 2 was esophagus and 26 were stomach. Out of 49 surgically resected specimens 1 was benign and 32 were malignant tumors. Out of 59 neoplasms of stomach there were single cases each of Sub mucosal Lipoma, Malignant lymphoma, GIST & 56 cases of Adenocarcinoma & its variants were noted. Conclusion: Most of the neoplasms are of stomach (97%). All the neoplasms are malignant except one benign lesion sub mucous lipoma of stomach. Most of the neoplasms of stomach were Adenocarcinoma (96.5%). Both tumors of esophagus were squamous cell carcinoma occurred after 50 years of age.

Study of various congenital anomalies in fetal and neonatal autopsy.

Background: The study of dead is to save the livings. The growing awareness that still births and infant mortalities are unable to reduction has led to a wide spread desire for more information regarding the cause of these deaths. Congenital malformations have become important cause of fetal and neonatal (perinatal) mortality in developed countries and would very soon be increasingly important determinants of fetal and neonatal mortality in developing countries like India. In spite of antenatal diagnostic modality still the fetal autopsy plays the vital role in the conformation as well as identification of congenital anomalies and also for the counseling of the parents, to prevent the fetal congenital anomalies in further pregnancies. This study was undertaken with the purpose of finding out cause of death during the perinatal period at government maternity hospital and pediatric department S.V.R.R.G.G.H. & S.V. medical college Tirupati, and to study the clinical and pathological findings (Gross & microscopic) in fetal and neonatal death. Methods: The present study of congenital anomalies in fetal and neonatal deaths was done at S.V. medical college, Tirupati, over a time period of 2 years from September 2008 to 2010 August. Consent for autopsy in requested compassionately, respectfully and fully informed. The present study included dead fetus and neonates with gestational age above 20 weeks of intra uterine life and within 7 days of post natal life. All fetuses of gestational age <20 weeks and all neonates above 7 days of age were excluded from the study. The study also obtained clearance from the ethical committee of the institution. Autopsy was performed by standard technique adopted by Edith L. Potter. External and internal findings followed by histopathological examination, and autopsy findings were compared with available ultrasound findings. Results: A total of 46 Autopsies performed, 40 (87%) were fetal deaths, 6 (13%) were early neonatal deaths. In a total of 46 fetuses, there were 13 male and 33 female babies. On external examination of 46 fetal and Neonatal (perinatal) deaths, 8 (17.39%) babies showed congenital malformation. On internal examination of the 46 fetal and Neonatal (perinatal) deaths, 4 babies showed internal congenital anomalies. A total of 46 anatomical and histopathologic examinations were done among fetal and neonatal (perinatal) deaths. Out of 13 autopsies on male babies, 2 had congenital malformation and 33 autopsies on female babies, 7 had congenital malformations. Congenital anomalies were commonest in the birth weight group of 1000-1500 grams accounting for 9 cases. Malformations of central nervous system (33.33%) were most common followed by musculoskeletal system (16.66%), genitourinary and respiratory system (8.33%) respectively. Conclusion: Most number of perinatal deaths occurred in low birth weight and preterm babies. Study of malformations greatly helpful in genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in successive pregnancies.

Impact of training of traditional birth attendants on the newborn care.

OBJECTIVE: To study the impact of training of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) on the Newborn care in resource poor setting in rural area. METHODS: A community based study in the Primary Health Center (PHC) area was conducted over one year period between March 2006 to February 2007. The study participants were 50 Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs)who conduct home deliveries in the PHC area. Training was conducted for two days which included topics on techniques of conducting safe delivery and newborn care practices. Pre-test evaluation regarding knowledge and practices about newborn care was done. Post-test evaluation was done at first month (early) and at fifth month (late) after the training. Analysis was done by using Mc. Nemer's test, Chi- square test with Yates's correction and Fischer's exact test. RESULTS: Pre-test evaluation showed that, knowledge and practices about newborn care services provided by the previously trained TBAs and untrained TBAs were poor. Early and late post-test evaluation showed that, there was a progressive improvement in the newborn care provided by both the groups. Preintervention period (one year prior to the training) and postintervention period (one year after the training) showed that, there was a statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction in the perinatal deaths (11 to 3) and neonatal deaths (10 to 2) among the deliveries conducted by TBAs after the training. CONCLUSION: Training programme for TBAs with regular reinforcements in the resource poor setting will not only improve the quality of newborn care but also reduces perinatal deaths.

Physico-chemical properties of Malaprabha River.

The quality of surface water of Malaprabha river with respect to physico-chemical parameters was investigated as part of a research work for the award of Ph.D. under Visveswaraya Technological University. 25 different parameters were analyzed, during the last one year. Quality of this surface water with regard to pH, TDS, chlorides, nitrates and Dissolved Oxygen is discussed in this paper. The concentrations of pH, TDS and chlorides were found to be within the safe limits for 95% of the samples collected at the Station 1, and were found on the higher side at the Station 2. DO level was found to be 7 mg/L, and more at Station 1 and varied in the range of 5 mg/L, at Station 2. This study was conducted during the year 2004-05. pH value for the Station 2 was found to be less than 7.0 for all the samples. Other parameters, viz. TDS, chlorides and nitrates also shpwed marked variations between the two Stations selected for the study.

Aeromonas species and Plesiomonas shigelloides in diarrhoea in Goa.

Sixty six strains (1.9%) of Aeromonas species and 7 strains (0.2%) of Plesiomonas shigelloides were isolated from 3484 stool/rectal swabs from cases of diarrhoea during the study period of four years from August 1986 to July 1990 in Goa. Although the selective medium (Ampicillin sheep blood agar) was not used for the isolation of Aeromonas, an increase in the rate of isolation of Aeromonas from 0.2% in the year 1986 to 6.0% in 1990 was observed. Stool samples from 100 controls (patients without diarrhoea) examined in the year 1989 did not yield either of the pathogens.

Salmonellosis in Goa.

During the period 1982-86, a total of 657 Salmonella strains were isolated from various clinical samples processed in the Microbiology laboratory of Goa Medical College, Bambolim, Goa. The strains were distributed amongst 23 different Salmonella serotypes. The commonest serotypes encountered were S.typhimurium (66%) and S.typhi (24%), the other serotypes were S.bareilly (5.4%), S.paratyphi B (1.2%), S.newport (1.2%) and S.chester (0.8%). Stool samples yielded the maximum Salmonella isolates of which the S.typhimurium was the highest followed by S.bareilly.

Exposition of the status of girl child in urban area.

A study was undertaken to determine the sex discrimination in child rearing in an urban low socio-economic chawl type of community. Totally 1101 children in the age group of 0-14 years (631 females and 470 males) in 346 families selected at random were studied. It was found that educational and nutritional status of both the sexes were comparable but partial coverage or non-coverage of immunisation was observed in more girls as compared to boys. Majority of parents (93.9%) expressed that they would get their daughter married after 18 years of age.